Manuscript2 – Page 6 – BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH JOURNAL

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Firing Costs and Inventor Turnover

Posted on Wednesday April 26th, 2023Wednesday April 26th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Firing Costs and Inventor Turnover
Author(s):	Emre Ekinci
Volume:	14
Number:	2
Year:	2023
Page:	141-155
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.409

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of firing costs on inventor turnover using the patent data provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for the 1975-2003 period. The adoption of the wrongful discharge laws in the US is considered as an exogenous increase in firing costs. As states adopt these laws at different dates, a quasi-experimental setting allows us to estimate a casual effect. Using the existing holdup theories investigating the employment relationship, we conjecture that the effect of firing costs on inventor turnover hinges on the extent to which the inventor’s knowledge set is transferable to competing firms. We measure knowledge transferability by the number of co-authors an inventor has filed a patent with, his or her specialization across technological classes and reliance on the prior art patented by the current employer. Our analysis shows that these variables alter, as predicted by the theory, how increased firing costs affect inventor turnover.

Keywords:

Patents, Innovation, Wrongful Discharge Laws, Firing Costs, Worker Turnover

JEL Classification:

J24, K31, M55, O31

Full Text ( ↓ 945)

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Banking Applications: A Research on Young Consumers

Posted on Thursday March 23rd, 2023Tuesday July 25th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Banking Applications: A Research on Young Consumers
Author(s):	Gulsen Alkac Ozdemir
Volume:	14
Number:	3
Year:	2023
Page:	389-408
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.408

Abstract

Rapid technological developments require many businesses to follow the developing technology and adapt quickly. Mobile applications developed in recent years have an important place in consumer behavior. Banks have started to use mobile applications early in their service delivery compared to many other sectors. However, consumer acceptance is very important for the success of these applications. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of the factors affecting the acceptance of mobile banking applications by young consumers on the behavioral intention of consumers to use mobile banking applications. Research data were collected by online survey method. The obtained data were analyzed with Smart PLS structural equation modeling. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the perceived benefit and perceived compatibility factors had a positive effect on the behavioral intention of young consumers to use mobile banking applications. The dimensions of perceived ease of use, social impact, facilitating conditions, relative advantage, and perceived risk in the research model did not have a significant effect on the behavioral intention of young consumers to use mobile banking applications. The effect of young consumers’ behavioral intention to use mobile banking applications on their usage behavior was also found to be quite high. The results will help the bank managers in charge of developing mobile bank applications and determining marketing strategies.

Keywords:

Mobile Banking, Mobile Banking Applications, Adoption, Young Consumers, SEM Analysis

JEL Classification:

M31, G41, M39

Full Text ( ↓ 1051)

The Analysis of The Dynamic Relationship Between Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance

Posted on Tuesday March 7th, 2023Wednesday April 26th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Analysis of The Dynamic Relationship Between Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance
Author(s):	Ebru Aydoğan, Esen Kara
Volume:	14
Number:	2
Year:	2023
Page:	199-216
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.407

Abstract

One of the frequently mentioned issues in the literature is that studies analyzing the relationship between corporate sustainability and financial performance do not reach a consensus on the existence and direction of the relationship. This study is aimed to contribute to the literature by analyzing the relationship between corporate sustainability practices and financial performances of 58 non-bank firms included in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) Sustainability Index between the years 2015-2021. The study employed the System Generalized Method of Moments (system GMM) estimator, which is one of the dynamic panel data models. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows; (i) there is a positive relationship between corporate sustainability practices and both market-based and accounting-based financial performance indicators, (ii) corporate sustainability positively affects different financial performance indicators at different terms, (iii) sustainability investments affect the market value of businesses more and faster than the return on assets, and (iv) the relationship between corporate sustainability and financial performance is dynamic, and the endogeneity problem should be taken into account in the analysis of the relationship between them.

Keywords:

Corporate Sustainability, Financial Performance, Endogeneity, Panel Data, System GMM

JEL Classification:

C23, G30, G34

Full Text ( ↓ 1571)

Influencer Stickiness and Determining the Relationships Among its Antecedents

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Influencer Stickiness and Determining the Relationships Among its Antecedents
Author(s):	Onur Ozturk
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	123-140
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.406

Abstract

The rise of internet and social media usage has become almost indispensable in people’s daily lives and it has enabled influencers, the individuals who interact with their followers using various social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, etc., to become almost as popular as traditional celebrities such as singers, movie stars, sportsmen and so on. Unlike traditional celebrities, social media influencers are believed to have similar social status like their followers. Increasing the number of their followers and fans and turning them into paying customers are largely dependent on the stickiness of their followers. The purpose of this study is to determine relationships among the antecedents of the stickiness of influencers’ followers and to measure the effects of these antecedents on influencer stickiness. In order to determine and investigate these relationships, the data were collected from 2158 respondents by structured questionnaires and analyzed by PLS-SEM structural equation modeling. Results showed that identity similarity, identity distinctiveness, and identity prestige had positive effects on parasocial relationships and wishful identification, and parasocial relationships and wishful identification were found to have a positive effect on stickiness.

Keywords:

Social Media Influencers, Influencer Stickiness, PLS-SEM

JEL Classification:

M30, M31

Full Text ( ↓ 1041)

Segmentation of Social Media Platforms in Terms of Perceived Benefits: Cluster Analysis on Brand Followers

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Segmentation of Social Media Platforms in Terms of Perceived Benefits: Cluster Analysis on Brand Followers
Author(s):	Talha Bayir
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	109-121
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.405

Abstract

This study was designed to determine clusters of brand followers on social media platforms and a cluster analysis was carried out to obtain information about the functional, social and communication benefits of social media platforms. The population of this research, which was carried out on social media users, consists of 414 people selected by convenience sampling method. The online survey method was used to collect the data. The research model variables were analyzed by two-step cluster analysis and K mean cluster analysis. Then, discriminant and chi-square analysis were performed. Findings indicate that Instagram users in the cluster 1 have the highest perception of benefit, YouTube users in the cluster 3 have a high perception of benefit, and Facebook and Twitter users in the cluster 2 have an average perception of benefit in terms of brand follow-up.

Keywords:

Social Media Segmentation, Brand Followers, Cluster Analysis, Functional Benefits, Social Benefits, Communication Benefits

JEL Classification:

M30, M31

Full Text ( ↓ 1004)

How TQM Principles Influence Job Performance in Healthcare? The Role of Locus of Control

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	How TQM Principles Influence Job Performance in Healthcare? The Role of Locus of Control
Author(s):	Gizem Dagasan, Hakan Kitapci, Eren Kilic
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	73-86
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.404

Abstract

The high-level coordination needs of hospitals require a conscious and disciplined total quality management (TQM) to improve healthcare service quality. Besides, the effectiveness of TQM relies on how healthcare professionals perceive TQM principles and how they improve their job attitudes and performances accordingly. From this view, we aimed to examine how TQM principles in healthcare services (i.e., patient focus, continuous improvement, teamwork) affect healthcare professionals’ job performance. From the social learning perspective, we predicted that the relationship between TQM principles and job performance might differ by the locus of control (internal and external). We collected data through questionnaires from 347 nurses actively working in various departments of two different public hospitals in Turkey. We found that nurses’ perceptions of patient focus and continuous improvement positively relate to their job performance. In addition, we found that the relationship between teamwork perception and job performance differed regarding the locus of control. While teamwork negatively affects job performance in nurses with a higher internal locus of control, it positively affects job performance in those with a higher external locus of control.

Keywords:

Total Quality Management, Healthcare, Performance, Locus of Control, Nurses

JEL Classification:

D23, I10, L15

Full Text ( ↓ 1041)

Content Analysis of the Environmental Dimension of Sustainability Reports of Companies in the BIST Sustainability Index

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Content Analysis of the Environmental Dimension of Sustainability Reports of Companies in the BIST Sustainability Index
Author(s):	Emre Horasan, Osman Nuri Akarsu
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	45-71
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.403

Abstract

Individuals and organizations consume the world’s underground and ground resources for their own needs and desires, and this situation destroys the continuity and sustainability of future generations and the world. Governments and companies are the most responsible actors in turning this situation from a possibility into a reality. For this reason, the idea and practices of limiting the environmental and social impacts of the activities of all economic units, whether government or company, are becoming increasingly important. The Sustainability Index includes companies that trade on the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) and have a high level of sustainability performance. Every year, the companies in the index voluntarily report their sustainability-related activities to the public through “sustainability reports”. The practices and explanations of environmental sustainability were investigated in this study by looking at the sustainability reports of 38 firms in the BIST Sustainability Index during the 2018–2019 and 2020 – 2021 periods. According to the results of the content analysis on the use of 41 environmental statements; in both periods, environment and climate were the most used expressions. While soil pollution, visual pollution and noise pollution in the 2018 – 2019 period and waste control, soil pollution in the 2020 – 2021 period were the least used expressions, environmental inspection and green finance were not included at all in the same period. In addition, in both periods, on a sectoral basis, holding and investment companies and banks have the highest number of expressions, while informatics and defence have the least. The comparison revealed that expressions were used more frequently overall, their relevance and frequency altered throughout time, and some were never used again in the subsequent period.

Keywords:

Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, BIST Sustainability Index, Content Analysis, Sustainability Reporting

JEL Classification:

M49, Q51, Q56, G23

Full Text ( ↓ 917)

Effects of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Effects of Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries
Author(s):	Berna Dogan Basar, Zekayi Kaya, Ibrahim Halil Eksi, Feyyaz Zeren
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	31-43
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.402

Abstract

Countries want foreign direct investments to increase for various reasons such as technology transfer, increasing employment, ensuring growth and development, and completing the savings deficiency. Foreign direct investments (FDI) have a significant impact on the development of economies, especially in developing countries. It has been discussed for many years whether financial development has an effect on the direct foreign investments to countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of the relationship between financial development and foreign direct investments in a sample of 39 Asian countries selected for the 2010-2017 period, considering the importance of foreign direct investments for developing countries. In this framework, the effect of financial development levels of target countries on foreign direct investments has been tested with the generalized moments method (GMM). As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that financial development does not affect foreign direct investment in the established model. According to the results, economic development plays an important role in FDI, protecting stronger investors and increasing access to direct external finance by financial development. However, local conditions may limit the extent to which FDI benefits can be realized.

Keywords:

Financial Development Index, Foreign Direct Investment, GMM, Developing Countries, Asian Countries

JEL Classification:

F21, F43, E40

Full Text ( ↓ 1071)

The Relationship Between the Indices of Volatility (VIX) and Sustainability (DJSEMUP): An ARDL Approach

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Relationship Between the Indices of Volatility (VIX) and Sustainability (DJSEMUP): An ARDL Approach
Author(s):	Gizem Vergili, Mehmet Sinan Celik
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	19-29
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.401

Abstract

This study aims to determine the cointegration relationship between Dow Jones Sustainability Emerging Markets Index (DJSEMUP) and the VIX Fear Index with monthly series between February 2013 and March 2020. This study, which examines the cointegration relationship between sustainability and volatility index from the perspective of emerging markets, is novel. First, unit root tests are utilized to understand the stationarity of the series. The unit root test results show that the VIX Index and DJSEMUP Index are not stationary at the same level. To this end, the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) bounds test, which allows to detection of stationarity relationships at different levels, is applied to examine the cointegration relationship. The results show that there is a long-term relationship between the DJSEMUP Index and the VIX Index with a negative coefficient. As a result, long-term investors of companies included in the DJSEMUP Index can be recommended to invest by considering the VIX Index.

Keywords:

Sustainability, Sustainability Index, VIX Index, Stock Market, ARDL Bounds Test

JEL Classification:

C58, G11, Q56

Full Text ( ↓ 1282)

Unemployment – Corruption Relationship in OECD Countries: System GMM Approach

Posted on Saturday January 28th, 2023Sunday January 29th, 2023 by editor

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Unemployment – Corruption Relationship in OECD Countries: System GMM Approach
Author(s):	Fatih Kirsanli
Volume:	14
Number:	1
Year:	2023
Page:	1-17
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2023.400

Abstract

Corruption, abuse of public office for private gain, is mainly found to impact macroeconomic indicators adversely in the long run. In this vein, this paper investigates the impact of corruption on unemployment in Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries between 1996-2020. Utilizing World Governance Indicators (WGI) corruption data and implementing the system generalized method of moments (GMM) methodology to overcome endogeneity and reverse causality issues, the results indicate that corruption increases unemployment in all models when various variables are controlled for. The robustness checks with alternative econometric estimations (i.e., difference GMM, fixed effect, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions) and corruption index (i.e., Corruption Perception Index (CPI)) verify the conclusion of system GMM that higher corruption leads to higher unemployment. However, the magnitude depends on the model and specification. The results reveal that specific policies should be implemented to eliminate corruption in political and bureaucratic spheres so that the unemployment rate can be maintained around the natural rate of each country.

Keywords:

Unemployment, Corruption, OECD, System GMM, Fixed Effects

JEL Classification:

D73, E02, E24, J64

Full Text ( ↓ 1192)