Category: Manuscript2

Cointegration Analysis of BIST 30 Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Index: Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis

Cointegration Analysis of BIST 30 Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Index: Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Cointegration Analysis of BIST 30 Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Index: Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis
Author(s): Hakki Ozturk
Volume: 9
Number: 1
Year: 2018
Page: 109-121
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.89
Abstract
This study examines the cointegration between BIST 30 index and MSCI emerging market index from January 2003 to July 2017 by employing Johansen cointegration test. The MSCI emerging markets index is created by Morgan Stanley Capital International and consists of indices from 24 emerging countries. Since the MSCI index is considered as a benchmark in emerging markets, the relationship between Borsa Istanbul and this index is very important for portfolio managers. In addition, to analyze the long-term impact of the recent global financial crisis between Borsa Istanbul and emerging markets, the sample period is divided into two sub-periods : pre and post crisis. For the whole period, there does exist a significant long term relation between Borsa Istanbul and MSCI emerging market index while there is no evidence of cointegration in the pre-crisis period. However, the results for the post crisis period indicate that Borsa Istanbul and MSCI index are cointegrated that means they move together in the long run. This may suggest that there are limited benefits for portfolio diversification between these markets due to increased globalization of financial markets in recent years.

Keywords: Istanbul Stock Exchange, MSCI Emerging Markets Index, Cointegration, Johansen Test, Global Financial Crisis

JEL Classification: C58, G01, G11,G19

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An Analysis on The Relationship Between Political Stability and Economic Performance in BRICS-T Countries

An Analysis on The Relationship Between Political Stability and Economic Performance in BRICS-T Countries

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: An Analysis on The Relationship Between Political Stability and Economic Performance in BRICS-T Countries
Author(s): Ali Eren Alper
Volume: 9
Number: 1
Year: 2018
Page: 49-56
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.88
Abstract
In this study, the impact of political stability on economic growth in developing countries is examined using the annual data set of the period 1996-2016. In the study with panel data analysis method, political stability in developing countries is detected to assume a positive role in economic growth. Results Show that, %1 increase in political stability triggers economic growth by 1.27%. Furthermore, the economic growth of the model is found to be negatively related to the unemployment rate, inflation rate, and government expenditures; while positively related with trade openness according to the estimation findings.

Keywords: Political stability, economic growth, panel data analysis

JEL Classification: C23, P48, O40

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Problems in Making International Financial Reporting Standards Become “National”: The Case of Turkey

Problems in Making International Financial Reporting Standards Become “National”: The Case of Turkey

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Problems in Making International Financial Reporting Standards Become “National”: The Case of Turkey
Author(s):  Kerem Sarioglu
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 849-857
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.87
Abstract
Among numerous countries adopting International Financial Reporting Standards, Turkey is a country where the entire set is translated to Turkish and approved it as national accounting standards. Considering its history and the country’s established tax based accounting and business culture, using rules that were originated in another language creates problems both in understanding and applying Turkish Accounting Standards. The purpose of this text is to illustrate some of the examples of difficulties in applying Turkish Accounting Standards and to explain past and current financial reporting environment in Turkey.

Keywords: International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, Language, Business Culture, Accounting Culture

JEL Classification: M41, M48

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Online Referrals Categorization and Performance of the Hospitality Industry: The Case of International Hotel Brands in Europe

Online Referrals Categorization and Performance of the Hospitality Industry: The Case of International Hotel Brands in Europe

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Online Referrals Categorization and Performance of the Hospitality Industry: The Case of International Hotel Brands in Europe
Author(s): Iva Slivar, Ramazan Ufuk Bayer
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 835-847
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.86
Abstract
When mentioning online referrals in tourism, the first associations for most are online reviews of guests, usually those on the most popular social media website in tourism – TripAdvisor. In fact, online referrals1 are a much broader concept which is presented through their categorization according to their affiliation to e-marketing domains. The goal of this paper is to research the use of online referrals in hospitality according to the suggested classification. A research featuring a selection of European branded hotel chains, ranging from luxury to budget, and their use of online referrals is presented. The results revealed that most hotels have an average performance in online referrals marketing as a whole, while hotels classified in the budget segment show the worst performance.

Keywords: Referral Marketing, International Hotel Brands in Europe, Affiliate Marketing, Guest Reviews, Social Media

JEL Classification: M31, L82, L83

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Defining Key Factors for Successful Change Management and A New Model Proposal

Defining Key Factors for Successful Change Management and A New Model Proposal

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Defining Key Factors for Successful Change Management and A New Model Proposal
Author(s): Gul Eser
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 815-834
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.85
Abstract
Change management models proposed by Lewin (1951) and Kotter (1995) are well known in the literature. These models are also well accepted in Turkish literature as well; however they include very broad explanations. It is not clear whether these models can be used as a guide in practice. This study aims to analyze studies conducted in the field of change management in order to determine success indicators for change management practices and suggest a new change management model. For this purpose authorized dissertations and thesis in database of National Thesis Archive at the Council of Higher Education Center and articles published in journals Indexed within ULAKBİM National database were reviewed with keywords “change” and “change management”. 72 relevant studies were analyzed, 31 of which are articles and 41 are thesis and dissertations, 25 of which examined a real change process within an organization. Considering these 25 studies’ result, success indicators for change management are defined as follows; communication, potential resistors, human resources department, leadership, shared vision, incentive, team and culture. The proposed change management model consists of 4 main processes named evaluation of the present state, defining outline for change, monitoring and freezing.

Keywords: Change, Change Management, Change Model, Change Success Indicators

JEL Classification: M10, M19

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The Role of Psychological Capital in Self-leadership: An Empirical Research on State Officials

The Role of Psychological Capital in Self-leadership: An Empirical Research on State Officials

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: The Role of Psychological Capital in Self-leadership: An Empirical Research on State Officials
Author(s): Meral Kizrak, Papatya S. Bicakci, H. Nejat Basim
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 797-813
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.84
Abstract
This study aims to explore the psychological capital factors which may affect self-leadership skills. To this aim, the effects of four sub-constructs of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience, self-efficacy) on eight sub-constructs of self-leadership (self-goal setting & visualizing successful performance, focusing thoughts on natural rewards, self-observation, self-reward, self-punishment, self-cuing, self-talk, evaluating beliefs and assumptions) have been investigated. The research data were obtained from 227 state officials in Ankara through questionnaires and convenience sampling. For the data analysis and model test, the structural equation modeling was utilized. The research findings indicate that different self-leadership behaviors are affected by different psychological factors, particularly hope and optimism. On the other hand, the findings reveal that self-cueing is influenced by each psychological factor except for hope. The results also show that none of the psychological sub-constructs has an effect on self-reward or self-punishment. Within this context, employees’ psychological capital has been found to have a partial impact on their self-leadership skills.

Keywords: Psychological Capital, Self-leadership, Positive Organizational Behavior, Structural Equation Model

JEL Classification: M12, M53, M54, J24

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The Effect of Verbal Aggressiveness to Organizational Commitment and Mediating Role of Perceived Peer Support: Kazakhstan Example

The Effect of Verbal Aggressiveness to Organizational Commitment and Mediating Role of Perceived Peer Support: Kazakhstan Example

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: The Effect of Verbal Aggressiveness to Organizational Commitment and Mediating Role of Perceived Peer Support: Kazakhstan Example
Author(s): Mustafa Karaca
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 785-795
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.83
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of verbal aggressiveness on organizational commitment while the perceived peer support is the mediator. For this aim, a survey study, which includes 1265 participants from a public health center in Kazakhstan, is used. For the aim of the study, we used hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicate that verbal aggressiveness has a direct effect on organizational commitment and perceived peer support. In addition to this result, it was also found that perceived peer support has a partial mediating role on this relationship. This research has been studied in between Kazakhstan and Turkey. And it is an interdisciplinary study.

Keywords: Verbal Aggressiveness, Organizational Commitment, Perceived Peer Support, Mediating Effect, Kazakhstan

JEL Classification: M12, M54

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(Turkish) İş-Aile Çatışması ile Örgütsel Bağlılık Etkileşiminde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Rolü: Görgül Bir Araştırma

(Turkish) İş-Aile Çatışması ile Örgütsel Bağlılık Etkileşiminde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Rolü: Görgül Bir Araştırma

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: The Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in the Interaction between Work-Family Conflict and Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study
Author(s): Esra Aydin, H. Nejat Basim
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 773-784
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.82
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed at examining the effect of work-family/ family-work conflict on organizational commitment and the mediator effect of perceived supervisor support on this relationship. The data were collected with a survey from 342 participants working in public institutions and the data were analyzed via statistical programs. As a result of the structural equation modeling, the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational commitment was found to be statistically insignificant. On the other hand, family-work conflict was found to predict organizational commitment. In this context, it was found that there was a negative and significant relationship between family-work conflict and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the findings showed that perceived supervisor support had no role in the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational commitment. On the other hand, perceived supervisor support had partial mediation role in this relationship. Consequently, results indicated that work-family conflict decreased organizational commitment and by decreasing work-family conflict, perceived supervisor support increased organizational commitment with an indirect effect. In the study, results of the findings were discussed theoretically and various implications were presented for future studies.

Keywords: Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict, Organizational Commitment, Perceived Supervisor Support, Social Exchange Theory

JEL Classification: L20, M10

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Considering Education for Opportunity versus Necessity-based Entrepreneurs: Does Income Lead to Greater Entrepreneurial Well-Being?

Considering Education for Opportunity versus Necessity-based Entrepreneurs: Does Income Lead to Greater Entrepreneurial Well-Being?

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Considering Education for Opportunity versus Necessity-based Entrepreneurs: Does Income Lead to Greater Entrepreneurial Well-Being?
Author(s): Gokcen Arkali Olcay, Ozlem Kunday
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 759-772
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.81
Abstract
This study is motivated through the paradox on the well-being of self-employed that self-employment is associated with greater satisfaction across various domains despite the lower income levels of such entrepreneurs. Since not all self-employed gain higher returns to income, there is a need to question to what extent income contributes to well-being as well as the most critical factors such as education or the reason that the entrepreneur starts a new business could play a role in this relationship between income and well-being. Using GEM’s data on entrepreneurs from a wide set of countries all over the world, the effect of income on entrepreneurial well-being is tested treating education as the moderator across necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs. While necessity entrepreneurs with relatively lower education levels gain higher returns to income, opportunity entrepreneurs gain higher returns to income when their education levels are higher. The results shed light on how the effect of income on entrepreneurial well-being changes adversely with the increasing education levels for different entrepreneurial motivations.

Keywords: Necessity Entrepreneurship, Opportunity Entrepreneurship, Well-Being, Income, Education, GEM

JEL Classification: L26, M13, M10

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis on Tax Compliance Intentions, General Fairness, Procedural Fairness and Social Norms

Confirmatory Factor Analysis on Tax Compliance Intentions, General Fairness, Procedural Fairness and Social Norms

Article Information
Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article: Confirmatory Factor Analysis on Tax Compliance Intentions, General Fairness, Procedural Fairness and Social Norms
Author(s): Nuran Bayram, Mine Aydemir, Zuhal Yildirim, Reyhan Leba Tansoker
Volume: 8
Number: 4
Year: 2017
Page: 749-758
ISSN: 1309-2448
DOI Number: 10.20409/berj.2017.80
Abstract
The share of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy has increased in recent times. Nevertheless, it is seen among the most risky groups when evaluated in terms of tax compliance. The aim of the present study is to investigate the reliability and structural validity. Because of this aim we used the Turkish version of the tax compliance intention, general fairness, procedural fairness and social norms scale. The study group consists of 320 participants. We used AMOS program for the data analysis. As a result, the best fit indices are obtained. All factor loadings were found statistically significant after confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient is calculated to determine the reliability of the scale in this study. Cronbach’s alpha values of the all dimensions were found within the range between 0.73 and 0.90. The Turkish form of tax compliance intention, general fairness, procedural fairness and social norms scale was found to be adequate and reliable. These instruments can be used by the researchers in research in Turkey.

Keywords: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Tax Compliance Intention, General Fairness, Procedural Fairness, Social Norms

JEL Classification: C00, H20

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