Manuscript2 – Page 31 – BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH JOURNAL

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Sorting of Level 1 Regions According to Competition Power in Unemployment Reduction

Posted on Friday October 26th, 2018Saturday October 27th, 2018 by

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Sorting of Level 1 Regions According to Competition Power in Unemployment Reduction
Author(s):	Inci Parlaktuna, Inci Saricicek
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	811-823
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.140

Abstract

Unemployment, defined as a chronic issue of the global economy, causes countries to focus more on policies that will reduce unemployment. Although Turkey has increased her economic performance in last years, she cannot create sufficient employment to reduce unemployment. This result and high unemployment rates show that the developed and implemented policies cannot reach the desired success. Thus, it is necessary to reconsider these policies from a different point of view. The basic condition for creating a strong economy is to increase the competitive power of the economy. On the other hand, regional competitiveness is related to sustainable and relatively higher ability to generate factor income and factor employment. In this context, production factors of the region play an important role in determining competitive power. Unemployment is considered to be one of the obstacles of the regions to increase competitive power. Aim of this study is to sort the Turkey’s NUTS Level 1 regions with multiple criteria decision making technique by taking into account the competitiveness factors. Factors determining competitiveness; labor productivity in manufacturing industry, R&D human power, industrial export rate, and number of entrepreneurs were taken as unemployment reducing factors. The results show that the R&D human power and number of entrepreneurs affect the ranking of the regions.

Keywords:

Unemployment, Regional Competition, Regional Development, Multidisciplinary Decision Making, Manufacturing Industry

JEL Classification:

J08, R13, C38, L60

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Examination of the Relationship among Budget Deficit, Money Supply and Inflation in Turkey: 1971-2016 Period

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Examination of the Relationship among Budget Deficit, Money Supply and Inflation in Turkey: 1971-2016 Period
Author(s):	F. Ozlem Alper
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	799-810
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.139

Abstract

It is quite important to determine the factors, as well as their impacts, that cause inflation which is defined as the continuous increase in the general level of prices regarding countries. There is a serious dispute over the determinants of inflation in the literature. Traditional models assert that inflation is a monetary phenomenon and that an independent central bank would provide price stability. Nonetheless, the supporters of the price level’s fiscal theory emphasize that the changes in the general level of prices are caused by the implementation of fiscal policy which is also important for ensuring price stability. In this study, the relationship among budget deficit, money supply, and inflation in Turkey is examined using the Bayer-Hanck Cointegration approach over the period 1971-2016. The analysis results indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. A 1% increase in both the money supply and the budget deficit would increase inflation by 0.82% and 0.64%, respectively.

Keywords:

Budget Deficit, Money Supply, Inflation, Cointegration

JEL Classification:

E31, O23, C32

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Oil Production as a Leading Indicator for Tanker Freight Market

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Oil Production as a Leading Indicator for Tanker Freight Market
Author(s):	Abdullah Acik, Sadık Ozlen Baser
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	773-785
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.138

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the causality between oil production and freight rates in the seaborne oil transportation in the world. The causality with oil prices has been studied more in the literature, but the studies that examine the causality with oil production have been limited. However, the effect of the crude oil production amount on the market is also great. The methods that can detect delayed causality have been utilized unlike the existing literature. While the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index (BDTI) and Baltic Clean Tanker Index (BCTI) variables are used as the measurement for the tanker freight rates, the Bloomberg oil production index variable is used as the production measurement. The data set used in the study consists of 239 monthly observations covering between August 1998 and June 2018. Standard causality analysis developed by Granger (1969) is used for linear causality, and nonparametric tests developed by Hiemstra and Jones (1996) and Diks and Panchenko (2006) are used for nonlinear causality analysis. While linear causality cannot be spotted in the obtained results, nonlinear causality is determined. As a result of the four lagged nonlinear causality analyzes made, the causality is found from the second to the fourth lag for BDTI and from the first to the fourth lag for BCTI. According to these results, while the effect of changes in production is directly reflected in the product tanker market, it is reflected on the dirty tanker market with a delay. It is hoped that these results may be beneficial to developing business strategies and reducing risks for shipowners and charterers in the tanker market.

Keywords:

Oil Production, Tanker Freight Market, Nonlinear Causality

JEL Classification:

C10, N70, R40

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Financial Development and Economic Growth Relationship: An Analysis with Credit Based Financial Index

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Financial Development and Economic Growth Relationship: An Analysis with Credit Based Financial Index
Author(s):	Yesim Helhel
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	761-771
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.137

Abstract

Countries are classified under different group names because of their similarity to each other, and they are analyzed in that way by various international organizations. BRICS, MENA, G7 and Fragile Five are well known group names. In this study, the relationship between financial development and economic growth for Fragile five countries (Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey) through the period of 2002-2016 were examined using annual data. In emerging market economies, businesses prefer to meet their financing needs by asking for credit from the capital market, mostly from banks and non-bank financial institutions. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that financial system of Fragile Five countries is based on “lending financial institutions”. Within the framework of the analysis, financial development index which includes three data related with credit provided by banks and financial institutions, and national income per capita as an economic growth variable were taken into account. Panel co-integration, VECM, DOLS and FMOLS tests have revealed the existence of a unidirectional causality relation from growth towards financial development.

Keywords:

Credit Markets, Economic Growth, Fragile Five Countries, VECM, DOLS and FMOLS Tests

JEL Classification:

B26, G15, O16

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Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa
Author(s):	Mehmet Cinar, Ndzembanteh Aboubakary Nulambeh
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	749-760
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.136

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and trade openness on economic growth for 34 Sub-Saharan African countries. The methodology involves estimating the augmented endogenous growth model using panel data that runs from 2006 to 2015. The coefficients of the estimated REM model are statistically significant with all the signs compatible as expected. Our findings show that all the variables are significant in explaining SSA growth. Specifically, foreign direct investment and trade openness positively impact growth except inflation with a negative effect on growth. This study will assist the policymakers to increase effort towards the creation of favorable business climate that attract more foreign direct investment to SSA and enhance long-term growth.

Keywords:

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade Openness, Economic Growth, SSA, Panel Data

JEL Classification:

C33, F21, O40, O47

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The Validity of Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis in E-7 Countries: Panel Data Analysis

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Validity of Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis in E-7 Countries: Panel Data Analysis
Author(s):	Ali Altiner, Eda Bozkurt
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	735-747
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.135

Abstract

The exchange rates are one of the most important macroeconomic variables influencing the economic activities of any country such as foreign trade, money and capital markets. From this aspect, examining the changes in exchange rates, which are considered as one of the indicators of economic stability, is of significant importance. The aim of this study is to test the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for E-7 countries between 1994 and 2017. Within the scope of this analysis, firstly the dependence between the cross-sections was examined. Then, the validity of PPP hypothesis was tested using SURADF (Seemingly Unrelated Augmented Dickey Fuller) panel unit root test developed by Breuer et al. (2001) and Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) panel unit root test (PANKPSS), which takes the structural breaks into consideration. According to the results of SURADF test, it was determined that the PPP is holds only in Russia and Turkey, but not in the other countries. According to the results of PANKPSS unit root test considering the structural breaks, however, it was found that PPP is holds in all the countries.

Keywords:

Purchasing Power Parity, Real Exchange Rate, E-7 Countries, Panel Unit Root Test, Structural Breaks

JEL Classification:

C01, F31

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Usability of Time Driven Activity Based Costing Methods in the Budgeting Process of SMEs

Posted on Thursday August 2nd, 2018Saturday October 27th, 2018 by

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	Usability of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Methods in the Budgeting Process of SMEs
Author(s):	Engin Meric, Mustafa Gersil
Volume:	9
Number:	4
Year:	2018
Page:	961-978
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.134

Abstract

In this study budget and cost calculations, which can be applied by producer Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME), have been emphasized to contribute producer SME’s having longer lifespans in today’s conditions of high competition. Nowadays when we act on the fact that the budget and cost calculations are inadequate in SMEs, it is intended to be a useful work that can be implemented and contribute to the achievement of the objectives to managers. In the studies carried out, it is overemphasized on the interrelated studies of budget, product based costs and production targets (productivity). In product-based cost calculations, the most up-to-date approach in the distribution of manufacturing overhead costs was made using the Time-Driven Activity- Based Costing (TDABC) method. In consequence of the application study, the idle capacity was determined and the productivity results were obtained with the improvement studies. Finally, the findings were interpreted and the suggestions were made.

Keywords:

SME, Budget, Cost, Time Driven Activity Based Costing, Idle Capacity, Productivity

JEL Classification:

M40, M41

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An Analysis on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey: Multinomial Logit Model

Posted on Sunday July 29th, 2018Monday July 30th, 2018 by

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	An Analysis on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey: Multinomial Logit Model
Author(s):	Ozlem Ayvaz Kizilgol, Evren Ipek
Volume:	9
Number:	3
Year:	2018
Page:	715-733
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.133

Abstract

The present study empirically evaluates the socio-economic factors that affect the domestic violence against women in Turkey. The types of violence against women was examined with the Multinomial Logit Model (MNLM) by the use of data received from the Survey on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, which was performed by Turkish Statistical Institute for the year 2014. Empirical results show that physical and sexual violence raises as the women’s age increase; and if the educational status of the women and their husbands was at and above university level, women faced less domestic violence. The results indicate that employment of women and husband did not have any significant effects on physical violence and economic and emotional violence. It is observed that if women had their own income or earning, they received less economic and emotional violence; and health insurance for women reduced the possibility of all types of violence. The results reveal that women living in urban areas were exposed to any type of violence more than those living in rural areas; and the bad habits of spouse (alcohol, gambling and drugs) increased every type of violence against women.

Keywords:

Domestic Violence against Turkish Women, Physical Violence, Sexual Violence, Economic and Emotional Violence, MNLM

JEL Classification:

D63, J12, C25

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An Investigation on University Students’ Emoji Usage and Their Attitudes Toward Brands Using Emoji

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Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	An Investigation on University Students’ Emoji Usage and Their Attitudes Toward Brands Using Emoji
Author(s):	Ramazan Kurtoglu, Tugba Ozboluk
Volume:	9
Number:	3
Year:	2018
Page:	697-713
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.132

Abstract

The question whether the emoji that is considered to fill an important gap in digital communication by being used as a nonverbal communication cue, has an effect on the attitudes toward brands and word of mouth communication is the main starting point of this research. Aim of this study is to determine whether the emoji usage of university students (both generally and according to gender) affect their attitude toward the brands using emoji, and if this attitude affect their positive word of mouth communication about these brands. Data were collected from university students by a questionnaire and analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The results show that emoji usage of students (both generally and according to gender) has a statistically significant and positive effect on the attitudes toward brands using emoji, and these attitudes have positive and significant effects on their positive word of mouth communication. Besides this, it was also found that the aforementioned effects did not show a statistically significant difference according to gender.

Keywords:

Emoji, Emoji Usage, Attitude Toward Brand, Positive Word of Mouth, Structural Equation Model

JEL Classification:

M30, M31

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The Effects of Leadership Behaviors on Employees’ Change Capacity: A Research Study

Posted on Sunday July 29th, 2018Monday July 30th, 2018 by

Article Information

Journal:	Business and Economics Research Journal
Title of Article:	The Effects of Leadership Behaviors on Employees’ Change Capacity: A Research Study
Author(s):	Ercan Ergun, Koray Yalcinkaya
Volume:	9
Number:	3
Year:	2018
Page:	681-696
ISSN:	2619-9491
DOI Number:	10.20409/berj.2018.131

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the behavior of leaders on the change potential of employees in organizational changes taking place at firms. The research data was collected from 140 employees in 17 manufacturing companies operating around Kocaeli Industrial Region performing organizational change. From these employees, the data collected by the questionnaire were analyzed in the research framework. The relationship between the dimensions of leadership behavior and the dimensions of change capacity of employees relations have been examined. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between change-oriented leadership behavior features open to change and emotional readiness of employees. Relationship-oriented leadership behavior is the highly important factor to increase of cognitive readiness and intentional readiness for change of employees.

Keywords:

Leadership, Change, Readiness for Change

JEL Classification:

D23, M10, M19

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