Author: admin

Bir Yönetim Modeli Önerisi: Toplam Entropi Yönetimi

Bir Yönetim Modeli Önerisi: Toplam Entropi Yönetimi

Makale Bilgileri

Dergi: İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

Makalenin Başlığı: Bir Yönetim Modeli Önerisi: Toplam Entropi Yönetimi
[Suggestion of a Management Model: Total Entropy Management]

Yazar(lar): Göksel Alpan, İsmail Efil

Cilt: 2

Sayı: 1

Yıl: 2011

Sayfa: 53 – 87

ISSN: 1309-2448

Özet

Çalışmanın amacı; evrendeki düzensizliğin, belirsizliğin, bilgi eksikliğinin ve kullanılamaz hale gelmiş enerjinin bir ölçüsü olarak tanımlanabilecek “entropi” kavramını metafor olarak kullanarak, tüm entropi kaynaklarını daha etkin bir şekilde yönetmeyi hedefleyen, yeni bir yönetim modelinin kavramsal temellerinin oluşturulmasıdır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak, çok disiplinli ve bütünsel bir yaklaşımla yürütülmüş ve entropi kavramının; uygarlık tarihi, ekonomi, siyaset bilimi, ekoloji, kuantum fiziği, nanoteknoloji, bilgi teorisi, ağ bilimi, sistem kuramı, işletme yönetimi, yönetim felsefesi gibi birçok disiplinle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle “entropi” kavramı tanımlanmış ve bu kavramla ilgili; ısı ölümü, madde kaosu, bilgi entropisi, sosyal entropi, negatif entropi, entropik verimlilik, tersinirlik, doğal entropi, teknolojik entropi gibi kavramlar açıklanmıştır. İzleyen bölümlerde ise günümüzde yaşanan ekonomik, politik, ekolojik, sosyal ve yönetsel sorunlar ile entropi kavramı arasındaki ilişkiler kurularak önemli küresel entropi kaynakları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise; kamu kuruluşları, kar amacı gütmeyen organizasyonlar ve işletmelerde uygulanabilecek, “Toplam Entropi Yönetimi” adlı yeni bir yönetim modelinin kavramsal temelleri oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Entropi, Entropi yönetimi, İşletme yönetimi, Enerji, Ekoloji

JEL Sınıflandırması: M10, M14, Q01

Abstract

Entropy” can be defined as the measure of disorder, uncertainty and consumed energy in a system or in the Universe. In the study, entropy concept is used as metaphor and it is aimed to construct the conceptual basis of a new management model which can be utilized to manage all entropy sources effectively. The study is conveyed with a multidisciplinary and holistic approach and by the use of qualitative research techniques. In the study, it is examined the relations of the entropy concept with different disciplines like civilization history, sociology, economy, political sciences, ecology, environmental ethics, classical physics, quantum physics, nanotechnology, genetic science, information theory, network science, system theory, business management etc. and after the evaluation of the findings, it is constructed the conceptual basis of a new management model. At the beginning of the study, entropy concept is defined in detail and related concepts like social entropy, information entropy, negative entropy, heat death, matter chaos, entropic efficiency etc. are explained. Afterwards, important global entropy sources are examined and relations of the concept with actual political, economical, ecological, social and managerial problems and concepts are explained. The main aim of the study is to construct the conceptual basis of a new management model called “Total Entropy Management” which can be applied to governmental organizations, non profit organizations and business enterprises to be able to manage all entropy sources effectively.

Keywords: Entropy, Entropy Management, Organizational Management, Energy, Ecology

JEL Classification: M10, M14, Q01

 
 

 

Neo-Mercantilist Policies During the Process of World Agricultural Trade Liberalization

Neo-Mercantilist Policies During the Process of World Agricultural Trade Liberalization

Article Information

Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal

Title of Article: Dünya Tarım Ticareti Serbestleşme Sürecinde Neo-Merkantilist Politikalar

[Neo-Mercantilist Policies During the Process of World Agricultural Trade Liberalization]

Author(s): Ahmet Emre Biber

Volume: 2

Number: 1

Year: 2011

Page: 31 – 52

ISSN: 1309-2448

Abstract

The main argument of the article; protection policies were applied in foreign trade during the various period of 17th century to 20th century such as high customs tariffs, export restrictions and non-tariff barriers, that still defended and widely applied in agricultural trade by developed countries. In this context, the study will be put forward in terms of causes and consequences, known as the neo-mercantilist policies in the process of liberalization of world trade after the second world war. Another argument discussed in this study, policies that implemented in terms of world agricultural trade causes of unequal trade relations between developed and underdeveloped countries. The reason is that, these policies generally constitute for the interests of developed countries. Therefore, gradually increasing hegemonic power of the developed countries in the world agricultural markets, affect negatively commercial interests of underdeveloped countries.

Keywords: Agricultural policies, Agricultural foreign trade, Liberalization process, Protectionism, GATT negotiations

JEL Classification: Q17, Q18

 

 

Dünya Tarım Ticareti Serbestleşme Sürecinde Neo-Merkantilist Politikalar

Dünya Tarım Ticareti Serbestleşme Sürecinde Neo-Merkantilist Politikalar

Makale Bilgileri

Dergi: İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

Makalenin Başlığı: Dünya Tarım Ticareti Serbestleşme Sürecinde Neo-Merkantilist Politikalar

[Neo-Mercantilist Policies During the Process of World Agricultural Trade Liberalization]

Yazar(lar): Ahmet Emre Biber

Cilt: 2

Sayı: 1

Yıl: 2011

Sayfa: 31 – 52

ISSN: 1309-2448

Özet

Bu çalışmada ileri sürülen temel sav; 17. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyıla kadar çeşitli dönemlerde dış ticarette uygulanan yüksek gümrük tarifeleri, ihracat kısıtlamaları ve tarife dışı engeller gibi koruma politikalarının, günümüzde hala savunulduğu ve bu politikaların büyük eksende tarımsal ürün ticaretinde gelişmiş ülkeler tarafından uygulandığıdır. Bu çerçevede, özellikle ikinci dünya savaşı sonrasında dünya ticaretinde yaşanan serbestleşme süreci ile beraber uygulama alanı bulan ve çoğu zaman neo-merkantilist olarak nitelenen bu politikalar, nedenleri ve sonuçları açısından ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada ileri sürülen diğer bir sav ise, uygulanan politikaların, dünya tarım ticareti açısında, gelişmiş ve azgelişmiş ülkeler arasındaki ticari ilişkileri eşitsiz bir gelişim sürecine ittiğidir. Bunun nedeni, bu politikaların genellikle gelişmiş ülkelerin çıkarları doğrultusunda düzenlenmesidir. Bu süreçte gelişmiş ülkelerin dünya tarım piyasalarındaki hegemon gücünün giderek artması azgelişmiş ülkelerin ticari çıkarlarını olumsuz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tarım politikaları, Tarımsal dış ticaret, Serbestleşme süreci, Korumacılık, GATT görüşmeleri

JEL Sınıflandırması: Q17, Q18

Abstract

The main argument of the article; protection policies were applied in foreign trade during the various period of 17th century to 20th century such as high customs tariffs, export restrictions and non-tariff barriers, that still defended and widely applied in agricultural trade by developed countries. In this context, the study will be put forward in terms of causes and consequences, known as the neo-mercantilist policies in the process of liberalization of world trade after the second world war. Another argument discussed in this study, policies that implemented in terms of world agricultural trade causes of unequal trade relations between developed and underdeveloped countries. The reason is that, these policies generally constitute for the interests of developed countries. Therefore, gradually increasing hegemonic power of the developed countries in the world agricultural markets, affect negatively commercial interests of underdeveloped countries.

Keywords: Agricultural policies, Agricultural foreign trade, Liberalization process, Protectionism, GATT negotiations

JEL Classification: Q17, Q18

 
 

 

Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Article Information

Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal

Title of Article: Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Author(s): Dilek Demirbas, Safa Demirbas

Volume: 2

Number: 1

Year: 2011

Page: 15-30

ISSN: 1309-2448

Abstract

It is obvious that even though modern public choice theories, which were first developed for Western pluralistic societies (society-centred), might have highlighted many hidden subjects in developing countries such as rent-seeking, corruption, strong state tradition, undemocratic decision mechanisms, etc, however, they still cannot hold and explain all the dynamics of these countries since they need to adopt a state-centre approach. In that sense, we propose that the Schumpeterian approach can help us in understanding the dynamics of developing countries even better. Therefore, our main objective in this paper is to provide a synthesis of public choice approach and the Schumpeterian approach to understand the role of the state in developing countries. We know the fact that this study still remains incomplete and not enough to cover all the needs of the subject, but at least it highlights some hidden issues for developing countries and starts a new discussion on this path.

Keywords: Public Choice, Schumpeterin approach, Developing countries, The role of the state

JEL Classification: NO1, O5, P0

 

 

Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Makale Bilgileri

Dergi: İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

Makalenin Başlığı: Role of the State in Developing Countries: Public Choice versus Schumpeterian Approach

Yazar(lar): Dilek Demirbas, Safa Demirbas

Cilt: 2

Sayı: 1

Yıl: 2011

Sayfa: 15-30

ISSN: 1309-2448

Özet

It is obvious that even though modern public choice theories, which were first developed for Western pluralistic societies (society-centred), might have highlighted many hidden subjects in developing countries such as rent-seeking, corruption, strong state tradition, undemocratic decision mechanisms, etc, however, they still cannot hold and explain all the dynamics of these countries since they need to adopt a state-centre approach. In that sense, we propose that the Schumpeterian approach can help us in understanding the dynamics of developing countries even better. Therefore, our main objective in this paper is to provide a synthesis of public choice approach and the Schumpeterian approach to understand the role of the state in developing countries. We know the fact that this study still remains incomplete and not enough to cover all the needs of the subject, but at least it highlights some hidden issues for developing countries and starts a new discussion on this path.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Public Choice, Schumpeterin approach, Developing countries, The role of the state

JEL Sınıflandırması: NO1, O5, P0

 
 

 

Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets

Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets

Article Information

Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal

Title of Article: Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets

Author(s): Ilhan Meric, Herbert E. Gishlick, Leonore S. Taga, Gulser Meric

Volume: 2

Number: 1

Year: 2011

Page: 1-14

ISSN: 1309-2448

Abstract

In this paper, we study the risk-return performance of 23 Ishares country index funds in the U.S. during the May 19, 2008-March 9, 2009 bear market and the March 9, 2009-January 19, 2010 bull market. Our findings with the Sharpe and Treynor portfolio performance measures indicate that the Malaysia, Japan, U.S., and Switzerland country index funds had the best performance in both markets. The statistics indicate that, in terms of loss recovery from the bear market to the bull market, the Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, and Australia funds had the best performance and the Belgium, Austria, Italy, and Germany funds had the worst performance. Exchange-traded country index funds make it easy for investors to achieve global diversification. Our findings with the PCA (Principal Components Analysis) methodology indicate that investors had more global diversification opportunities in the March 9, 2009-January 19, 2010 bull market than in the May 19, 2008-March 9, 2009 bear market.

Keywords: Risk and return, Portfolio diversification, Country index funds, Bear and bull markets

JEL Classification: G11, G12, G15

https://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/img/icons/pdf.gif Full Text

Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets

Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets

Makale Bilgileri

Dergi: İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi
Makalenin Başlığı: Risks, Returns, and Portfolio Diversification Benefits of Country Index Funds in Bear and Bull Markets
Yazar(lar): Ilhan Meric, Herbert E. Gishlick, Leonore S. Taga, Gulser Meric
Cilt: 2
Sayı: 1
Yıl: 2011
Sayfa: 1-14
ISSN: 1309-2448

Özet

In this paper, we study the risk-return performance of 23 Ishares country index funds in the U.S. during the May 19, 2008-March 9, 2009 bear market and the March 9, 2009-January 19, 2010 bull market. Our findings with the Sharpe and Treynor portfolio performance measures indicate that the Malaysia, Japan, U.S., and Switzerland country index funds had the best performance in both markets. The statistics indicate that, in terms of loss recovery from the bear market to the bull market, the Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, and Australia funds had the best performance and the Belgium, Austria, Italy, and Germany funds had the worst performance. Exchange-traded country index funds make it easy for investors to achieve global diversification. Our findings with the PCA (Principal Components Analysis) methodology indicate that investors had more global diversification opportunities in the March 9, 2009-January 19, 2010 bull market than in the May 19, 2008-March 9, 2009 bear market.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Risk and return, Portfolio diversification, Country index funds, Bear and bull markets

JEL Sınıflandırması: G11, G12, G15

 
 
 

 

Revenue Administrations and Corruption: Motivations, Opportunities and Fighting Methods

Revenue Administrations and Corruption: Motivations, Opportunities and Fighting Methods

Article Information

Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal

Title of Article: Gelir İdareleri ve Yolsuzluk: Motivasyonlar, Fırsatlar ve Mücadele Yolları
[Revenue Administrations and Corruption: Motivations, Opportunities and Fighting Methods]

Author(s): Serkan Benk, Birol Karakurt

Volume: 1

Number: 4

Year: 1

Page: 133 – 148

ISSN: 1309-2448

Abstract

Revenue administration is very important for a state’s economic development as it significantly affects its public expenditures capacity. But corruption in revenue administration can have a serious impact on fiscal sustainability by reducing the tax revenue of a government. Corruption in revenue administration also discourages honest taxpayers by making the black-market a more attractive alternative. Revenue administration is an attractive sector for corruption to take place as the opportunities and motivations to engage in illicit activity are numerous. The complexity of tax systems, the high discretionary powers of tax officials, the low cost of punishment, the pressure from tax evaders are only some factors creating environment for corruption in revenue administration. The aim of this study is to examine opportunities, motivations and fighting methods of corruption in revenue administrations.

Keywords: Revenue administration, Corruption, Taxation, Public financial management

JEL Classification: H83, D73

https://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/img/icons/pdf.gif Full Text

Gelir İdareleri ve Yolsuzluk: Motivasyonlar, Fırsatlar ve Mücadele Yolları

Gelir İdareleri ve Yolsuzluk: Motivasyonlar, Fırsatlar ve Mücadele Yolları

Makale Bilgileri

Dergi: İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

Makalenin Başlığı: Gelir İdareleri ve Yolsuzluk: Motivasyonlar, Fırsatlar ve Mücadele Yolları
[Revenue Administrations and Corruption: Motivations, Opportunities and Fighting Methods]

Yazar(lar): Serkan Benk, Birol Karakurt

Cilt: 1

Sayı: 4

Yıl: 2010

Sayfa: 133 – 148

ISSN: 1309-2448

Özet

Gelir idaresi, bir ülkenin harcama kapasitesini önemli düzeyde etkilediği için ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınmasında oldukça önemli bir kurumdur. Ancak gelir idaresinde yaşanabilecek yolsuzluklar, bir ülkenin vergi gelirlerini azaltarak mali sürdürülebilirliği olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu kurumda meydana gelen yolsuzluklar aynı zamanda kayıtdışı alanda faaliyette bulunmayI daha çekici hale getirerek, dürüst mükelleflerin vergi yükümlülüğünü yerine getirme davranışlarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Gelir idaresi, yasadığı faaliyetler için motivasyonlar ve fırsatlar sunduğundan yolsuzluk için de çekici bir sektördür. Vergi sistemlerinin karmaşıklığı, vergi memurlarının sahip oldukları geniş takdir yetkileri, yolsuzluklara verilen cezaların düşüklüğü ve vergi kaçıran mükelleflerin vergi memurları üzerinde oluşturduğu baskılar bunlardan sadece birkaçıdır. Bu çalışma, gelir idarelerinde yolsuzluklara neden olan fırsat ve motivasyonlar ile bu bunlarla mücadele yollarının incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gelir idaresi, Yolsuzluk, Vergileme, Kamu mali yönetimi

JEL Sınıflandırması: H83, D73

Abstract

Revenue administration is very important for a state’s economic development as it significantly affects its public expenditures capacity. But corruption in revenue administration can have a serious impact on fiscal sustainability by reducing the tax revenue of a government. Corruption in revenue administration also discourages honest taxpayers by making the black-market a more attractive alternative. Revenue administration is an attractive sector for corruption to take place as the opportunities and motivations to engage in illicit activity are numerous. The complexity of tax systems, the high discretionary powers of tax officials, the low cost of punishment, the pressure from tax evaders are only some factors creating environment for corruption in revenue administration. The aim of this study is to examine opportunities, motivations and fighting methods of corruption in revenue administrations.

Keywords: Revenue administration, Corruption, Taxation, Public financial management

JEL Classification: H83, D73

https://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/img/icons/pdf.gif Full Text

The Relationship among Push Factors, Information Search and Satisfaction in Holiday Purchasing Process: A Survey on Domestic Tourists

The Relationship among Push Factors, Information Search and Satisfaction in Holiday Purchasing Process: A Survey on Domestic Tourists

Article Information

Journal: Business and Economics Research Journal

Title of Article: Tatil Satınalma Sürecinde İtici Faktörler, Bilgi Arama ve Memnuniyet İlişkisi: Yerli Turistler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
[The Relationship among Push Factors, Information Search and Satisfaction in Holiday Purchasing Process: A Survey on Domestic Tourists]

Author(s): Sirvan Sen Demir

Volume: 1

Number: 4

Year: 1

Page: 119 – 132

ISSN: 1309-2448

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among push factors, information search and holiday satisfaction in the purchasing process of domestic tourists. At first, a literature review was conducted with regards to the research. Then a questionnaire was developed from the studies reviewed in the literature. Data were collected by researchers in face-to-face interviews with 375 tourists in Mu?la region and then these were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL statistical programs. Structural and convergent validity of the data were presented for consideration via the explanatory factor analysis. Afterwards, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses leading to determination of the relationship among push factors, information search and holiday satisfaction. A positive relationship was found between push factors and information search. Similarly, a positive and meaningful relationship was found between push factors and holiday satisfaction, and between information search and holiday satisfaction, as well. Consequently, all hypotheses were accepted.

Keywords: Mugla, Domestic tourists, Push factors, Information search, Holiday satisfaction

JEL Classification: M30, M31

https://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/img/icons/pdf.gif Full Text